Design parameters

Copy the numbers from the highway drawing. Everything else is derived and checked against the policy — warnings never block.

Policy & class

Policy Highway class Terrain

Speed & superelevation

Design speed km/h e_max % Normal crown % Lane width m Lanes rotated (per side) Edge smoothing m · parabola at each break of the SE diagram · 0 = angular

Control line & section

Layout

The profile grade line (PGL) carries the profile elevation; the pavement follows the cross slopes from there. Positive offsets are to the left of increasing station.

Stationing & coordinates

Start station m Station label Coordinate system

Derived limits for this speed

Plan · horizontal alignment

PI table: coordinates, radius and spiral length. Stations, tangents, spiral shift and e_req are derived. Drag to pan, wheel to zoom. Hover to probe a station; click to lock it; ← → step 1 m (Shift 10 m); space plays.

PI	N	E	R m	Ls m	e %	Δ	T	L	TS/BC	ST/EC	e_req	Lr

Paste N/E from the drawing. R blank = angle point.

Profile · vertical alignment

PVI table: station, elevation and curve length. K, PVC/PVT and the high/low point are derived; L_min comes from the policy K-values.

PVI	Station m	Elev m	L m	g_in %	g_out %	A %	K	K_min	PVC	PVT	Hi/Lo

Vertical scale auto-fits; the bar below is the superelevation diagram.

Site & environment

Where the bridge stands: temperature range, humidity, seismic spectrum by province · amphoe or AASHTO / user curve, site class, exposure, wind and flood. Step 5 stays structural (spans, supports, approaches); the analysis stage reads these for temperature, seismic, wind and scour cases.

1Location, soil & exposure

Province · amphoe seismic table · location record

Site class (soil) AASHTO 3.10.3 · Thai 1301 Soil condition Exposure / corrosion zone Basic wind speed m/s · 3-s gust

2Temperature

Temperature range ΔT °C · uniform T_min / T_max °C

Relative humidity % · creep and shrinkage

Temperature gradient vertical · positive (sun on the deck) and negative

Gradient source Solar radiation zone Table 3.12.3-1 T₃ at the soffit °C · bottom 0.20 m · 0 unless site study, ≤ 2.8 Negative gradient factor × positive · blank = −0.30 (plain deck) / −0.20 (asphalt overlay) Positive curve z m from the deck top, ΔT °C per line Negative curve optional · blank = factor × positive

3Flooding & scour

Flood / scour zone Design flood return period years

HWL and scour level per support are typed in the configuration table on step 5; freeboard and the scour check read them.

4Seismic

Seismic standard Spectrum method · damping

PGA · S_s · S₁ g · AASHTO or override

User spectrum T,Sa per line (s, g) Sa unit

Spans & supports

Define span types and support types once, then assemble the bridge in the configuration table: each span adopts a span type, each support a support type with its joint / bearing choice. Elevation, plan and 3D follow the table.

Bridge on the alignment

Start station (first support) m Spans m · e.g. 30, 40, 30 or 3×30

Span types superstructure library

ST1 name

Superstructure Depth (deck to soffit) m Bearing + pedestal m

Left edge Left walkway m · 0 = none Right edge Right walkway m Deck width

Wearing surface on the roadway (DW automatically) Material Thickness m Unit weight kN/m³ · blank = by material

Depth profilespans beyond 50 m usually haunched Depth at mid-span m Soffit shape Haunch exponent 2 = parabola · 1.8 as the tables

Material Construction method Cells blank = auto Web thickness m · st Web angle ° from vertical · blank = from bottom width Top slab m · tt Top slab at web m · tt2 · blank = tt + fillet Top fillet width m · inside corner Top fillet height m Bottom fillet m Bottom width m · bb · blank = auto Bottom slab m · bt at mid-span Bottom slab at pier m · bt2 Cantilever width m · csw · blank = auto Cantilever tip m · ew Cantilever root m · at the web Cantilever haunch width m · blank = auto Section

U bottom width m · sheet 2.60 U web thickness m Deck slab on U m · + 0.05 asphalt Link slab thickness m · over continuous piers Link slab debond m each side of pier CL

Standard sheet NP1-16 … NP2-30 Girder end Deck slab on girder m · sheet 0.20 Girders per span blank = standard table Girder spacing m · blank = width / n Girder ends at skew End gap at joint m from support CL End gap continuous m Bearing from support CL m Fixed bearing end alternate per span

Support types pier & abutment library

field hintsPT1 pier name

ADeck arrangement single or divided highway · joint and bearing line at this support

Deck arrangement at this support divided highway Joint & bearing (default for this type) Expansion joint type at this support Joint gap at installation m · pounding when it closes Joint model from the library (7 · D) · blank = formulation by the joint type

BBearing configuration type, positions, offsets, rotation, pad size and the spring model of each bearing · click a bearing in the top view · models come from the library in 7 · D

Top view · bearings on the pier
pier axis (red) · bridge CL (blue) · girder lines · every bearing with Δs from the pier axis and u from the CL · left- or right-click a bearing to set its type, spring model, pad, offsets, rotation, uplift, restrainer and buffer

Bearing type default for every bearing of this support type · a single bearing: click it in the top view Bearing model library (7 · D) · blank = the formulation of the bearing type with its defaults Uplift hold-down on every bearing uplift restraint on all bearings advanced — per-end arrangement, orientation on curves, fixed point, pad size the usual way is to click a bearing in the top view and change its type, offsets or rotation there

Bearings per girder end n · spacing m across the girder · blank = auto (1 per girder, 2 per box web line) Bearing orientation curved bridges · axis of free movement Bearing arrangement per girder end blank = every bearing at the girder line with the type's model · add rows for several bearings per end, each with its offset across the girder (m, + left), an optional type and uplift

Restrainers at the joint tension-only cable / rod across the gap · drawn in the top view on Restrainer positions blank = one set per girder line · add rows to place cables at offsets from the bridge CL (m, + left), e.g. beside chosen bearings

Seismic buffers compression-only stopper between girder end and seat · drawn in the top view on Buffer positions blank = one pair per girder line · add rows: offset from the bridge CL (m, + left) and side

Pad L × W m · L along the bridge · blank = span table · per bearing: click it in the top view Rubber layers n × t mm · G MPa · used when no library model is assigned

CPier type · pier library standard sheets now, SYSectionHub later · orientation · cross beam · half-joint ledges · bracing · fixity

Pier library pick a standard type, give the span, deck width and seismic level, then Apply — the pier drawing, plan and 3-D update at once · user types from SYSectionHub later

Standard typeSpan mDeck width mSeismic level

Pier type Abutment type Pier orientation ° skew of the support line · default for this type · the configuration table overrides per support Columns per bent Column shape Diameter D m Column spacing m c/c · blank = spread over the cross beam Cross beam depth m Cross beam width m · blank = column + 0.40 Cross beam shape seats follow each span's soffit · bearing height Seat adjustment behind · ahead m · raises the bearing seat (pedestal) on that side Bracing beams between columns · 0 = none Bracing spacing m below the cross-beam soffit · blank = equal Bracing elevations m below soffit, comma list · overrides Bracing shape Bracing b × h m Fixity · longitudinal Fixity · transverse

DFoundation pile cap or spread footing · piles · cap orientation

Foundation Embedment below ground m Depth to fixity (piles) m Pile length m Pile type · size

Piles along × across across blank = fill the cap

Pile spacing · edge m · blank = 3 D · 0.5 D + 0.2

Cap thickness m · blank = 1.2 D + 0.4 Cap layout Cap orientation skew / curve

Joint + bearings = simply supported / end of a unit · bearings only = continuous deck · integral = monolithic moment frame (no joint, no bearings). Override per support in the table. L_u = column top → min(footing top, scour level) − depth to fixity; r = D/4 or 0.30·b; KL/r < 22 short · 22–100 magnify · > 100 refined (AASHTO LRFD 5.6.4.3).

EExpansion joints create the joints of the bridge once — number, name, type, total movement, installation gap, minimum gap — then pick them per support in the configuration table below · the nonlinear model comes from the library in 7 · D

New joint show the joint types explained

EJ No.	Name	Type	Total movement MR	Installation gap	Min gap	T_inst	Model (7 · D)	Used at

Total movement, installation gap and minimum gap are re-checked after the analysis against the TU / TG cases of the site temperature range; the calculation report and the joint drawing restate them with the installation temperature.

FApproach transitions

Start · behind A1

Transition structure

Transition length m Under the transition

Panel mSlab mCol. w mCol. t mBay m

pile bearing unit (piled approach)

RuleAcross mAlong m1st L mExtra L_ex m

Rows / step− per step mMin L m

End · behind A2

Transition structure

Transition length m Under the transition

Panel mSlab mCol. w mCol. t mBay m

pile bearing unit (piled approach)

RuleAcross mAlong m1st L mExtra L_ex m

Rows / step− per step mMin L m

Bearing unit — standard sheet: rows every 2.00 m in pairs, the first pair as long as the abutment piles (2 m classes), each next pair 2 m shorter down to 4 m; piles across at 2.00 m max with 0.35 m edges; L_B = 2(n − 1) + 3 m; L_ex adds rows of 4 m piles for very soft clay; skewed abutments get the extra rows parallel to the abutment. Pile lengths will come from SY Pile / SY Pave once the soil profile is linked.

Bridge configuration & components	Station	Skew °	Bearing lines · joint	Deck	Soffit	Cap top	Ground m	HWL m	Scour m	Footing	H pier	L_u	KL/r L	KL/r T	Freeboard

Terrain & imports

Bring in the survey surface (LandXML from Civil 3D, DXF 3DFACE / contours / points, CSV or PNEZD, ESRI grid) or adopt a highway alignment from LandXML. The ground line appears on the profile and step 5 reads pier heights from it.

Import a file

Drop a file here or click to choose
.xml (LandXML) · .dxf (ASCII) · .csv / .txt · .asc

Active surface

show TIN on plan

Saved surfaces on this bridge

Surfaces are thinned to 40 000 points before upload (the API keeps up to 120 000). Coordinates must be in the alignment's system (step 1); "Covers alignment" tells you when they are not.

Analysis workspace

Modules M → I, left to right like a bridge-analysis package: create the FE model from the parametric bridge, review materials, sections, tendons, bearings and groups, define loads and stages, run, read the results. Everything is generated from steps 1–6 and editable here.

M · Model

Model settings discretisation · mass

Deck element m · max length Column element m Pile element m Cross members Mass source Mass directions X Y Z Barrier load to Wearing load towearing surface and barriers come from the span type (step 5) → DW; f′c and E from module A; extra SDL / overload / overrides in module F Foundation modelcap → pile heads by rigid links · spring values: default until SY Pile supplies them Soil k_h kN/m³ · + n_h·z Tip spring k_v kN/m per pile

no model yet

Model check

Create the model to run the check.

Materials generated from the span / support types · edit E, γ, f′c · time-dependent law

Name	Type	E MPa	ν	G MPa	γ kN/m³	f′c / f_y / f_pu MPa	α 1/°C ×10⁻⁶	Time-dependent	Curves

creep / shrinkage per AASHTO LRFD 5.4.2.3 by default (CEB-FIP 90 · MC2010 · ACI 209 · user) with RH from the site card — used by the stage run (B2b)

Sections generated from the span / support types · A, I, J per section · composite stages · edit, duplicate, adopt, details

Section	A m²	Iy m⁴	Iz m⁴	J m⁴	Material	Stages	Used by

Sections come from the span types (step 5: sheet, parametric box, U, press-brake tub, steel) and the support types; the bare / composite pair is what a stage activates. Local axes: x along the member, y up (strong axis I_y bends about z … shown in Details), z transverse.

Tendons & 3-D layout B2b · C1 · tendon objects · profile along the assigned span or group · cover, clash and radius checks by the corrosion zone of step 4 · jacking force with friction and anchorage set

New show in 3-D

No.	Name	Kind	Strand	Duct	System	Jacking	Object · line	Length	Status

PPrestressing design criteria read by the stage run and the design check (B2b / B2e)

Design basis Cover standard minimum cover to the duct by the exposure of step 4 Friction μ · wobble k rad⁻¹ · m⁻¹ · AASHTO Table 5.9.3.2.2b-1 (galvanised duct 0.15–0.25 · 0.00066) Anchorage set mm · 6 (strand wedges) · 3 (bars) Max aggregate mm · duct spacing rule

The stage run (B2b) applies the tendons at their stage with friction, anchorage set, elastic shortening, creep, shrinkage and relaxation from module A; after a linear run "suggest from the dead-load moment" reshapes the profile inside the cover envelope. The nonlinear option runs the GirderNL fibre-section engine over the members (compute class B — credits as in the price list).

Springs, bearings, joints & links from the support types · rev 22–23 bearing chain

Element	Count	k_x	k_y	k_z	k_rx	k_ry	k_rz	Note

LBearing & accessory library named spring / mechanical models of bearings, restrainers, seismic buffers and expansion joints · create once, assign in step 5 (bearing: click it in the top view · restrainers, buffers: their rows in B · joint: A)

Newno models yet — create one, or open a bearing in step 5 · B and choose "new model…"

ID	Name	Kind	Formulation	Key values	Used by

show every bearing, restrainer, buffer and joint of the FE model with the model it resolved to

Name	Kind	Support · location	Model	Key values	Source
Create the model (module M) first.

Every element without an assigned model runs with the default formulation of its type (elastomeric pad by G·A/t_r, pot bearings, cable, collision buffer, strip seal…) · the nonlinear laws (gap, friction, bilinear isolator) are carried into the B2c / B2e runs.

Load cases generated + user · AASHTO 3.3.2 classes · edit / duplicate / delete

ID	Name	Class	Type	Value	Weight X · Y · Z	Status

Case ID · name Class Kind Value kN/m · or node, F… (kN, kN·m) Spans numbers, comma · blank = all Lines girder numbers · blank = all

DC and DW are automatic (self-weight; wearing surface + barriers from the span type, split per line by the Model settings); user cases run as static cases in module H and get a column in the combinations

Load combinations AASHTO LRFD Table 3.4.1-1 · γ_p max / min · editable

Special vehicles · super loads hydraulic modular trailers · editable axle lines · placed as static cases now, moved by the influence-line run in B2b

Vehicle Name Axle lines one per line: x m from the front, P t, files, width m Position · front axle at station m · comma list = one case per position Transverse offset · direction · IM m (+ left) · +1 ahead / −1 back · dynamic allowance

each axle line is shared by the deck lines within the vehicle width at its offset and lumped to the nodes on either side of its station; the influence-line envelope (all positions, lanes, multiple presence) comes with B2b

Analysis & temperature cases a load case with its own analysis type, or a TU / TG temperature case · each can be activated at any step of any stage (module G)

Name Type Base loads / mass cases combined into this analysis · comma Parameters type-specific · free text now, fields per type with the analysis

each analysis case is also a load case in the combinations (its own column) and an event a stage step can activate — stability / buckling, seismic or a live-load check on the partially built structure at that step

ID	Name	Analysis	Base loads	Parameters	Class	Used in stages

the results module reports reactions and deflections per combination; live load, temperature, wind, EQ, EH / WA / LS join the table as their analyses ship

Construction stages & equipment method template → default sequence · Gantt · time-dependent run in B2b

Construction method Days per span / segment cycle Substructure lead days before span 1 Long-term step years Temperature · humidity °C · %

edit names, days and the groups per stage; tendon stress / slacken and weight-only activation come with B2b

Stages carry the time effect (age, creep / shrinkage / relaxation between their construction days); steps inside a stage are instantaneous — no time effect between them. A step activates groups / supports / tendons, applies a load, or runs an analysis event (an analysis case from module F: buckling, P-Δ, moving load, spectrum, time history) on the structure as built at that step.

#	Stage	Day	Duration	Activate groups	Supports	Equipment / loads	Method	Steps · events

Add a step to stage Step kind Case / description

steps run in order inside their stage; an analysis event uses the stage's stressed / deformed state as its starting point

Construction equipment templates · scaled to the span weight · load cases at the supports · shown in the 3-D

Template Gantry weight t · blank = template Apply to spans numbers, comma · blank = every span reverse the horizontal forces and moments (note 4 of the sheet)

Leg	On the support	FV t	FL t	FT t	ML t·m	MT t·m

reactions are scaled by (gantry + span weight) / (gantry + reference span weight) — the span weight comes from the box section (constant or varying depth) between the piers; outside the template range the case is flagged as preliminary; edit the leg values, the spans and the directions as needed

Case	Span m	Span weight t	Scale	Legs · scaled reactions (t · t·m)	Warnings

Construction stage analysis option how the stages above are run · read by the stage run and the design checks · summarised in H

Option camber / as-cast profile tables long-term step (module G · years)

Analysis B2a · linear static + eigenvalue · included compute

Class i · Full structure stage the completed bridge · pick the analyses to perform

Which analysis do I need?

· Crack, yield or ductility check → a material nonlinear choice (MCFT fibre model: nonlinear static, or with geometric nonlinearity; nonlinear time history for seismic ductility).

· Stability / unstable-state check → construction stage (class ii), nonlinear geometric analysis or the buckling load (linear buckling first, nonlinear buckling when the material yields before the geometric limit).

· Preliminary tendon or section sizing → linear elastic, or construction stage with geometric nonlinearity when the cantilever / launching deflections matter.

· FE model updating / measured frequencies → linear eigenvalue (elastic stiffness) or the nonlinear eigenvalue on the stressed state (tick Eigenvalue with a nonlinear or stage choice).

· Eigenvalue · mode shapes can be added to any static, nonlinear or stage choice; the moving-load analysis does not need it, and the dynamic analyses (spectrum, time history) run it themselves.

Eigenvalue · modes mass · periods · mode shapes (needed by the dynamic analyses)run on

Class ii · Construction structure stage needs the stages of G · the stage run itself plus every analysis requested by a load / analysis case at a stage or step — performed on the deformed, stressed state of the structure at that stage or step

Analysis set everything this run will perform · class i from the picks above · class ii from G and the stage steps · compute class and credits

#	Analysis	From	Compute class	Estimate

Advanced analysis options solver · threads · iteration limits

create the model first

Results deflected shapes · modes · reactions · combinations · export

Show Scale × · blank = auto undeformed ghost animate

Case	Total load kN	ΣR kN	Max δz mm	at node

Span	δz DC mm	δz DW mm	δz DC+DW mm	L/δ

Support	Rx kN	Ry kN	Rz DC kN	Rz DW kN

Mode	f Hz	T s	mass X	mass Y	mass Z

Per combination linear superposition of the case results

Combination	Max δz mm	ΣRz kN	Rz per support kN

member force diagrams (N · V · M · T), stresses, tendon results, camber, the PDF report and the DXF set follow with B2a-4 / B2b

Run an analysis (module H) to see the results.

Stage results B2b · incremental and accumulated effect per stage · per load-effect type

Stage Effect Show

Member / station	N kN	Vy kN	Vz kN	My kN·m	Mz kN·m	T kN·m	σ top / bot MPa

Groups structure groups for stages · lanes

New group name Kind Assign by Span blank = any Station from – to m · blank = whole Member types Deck lines girder numbers, comma · blank = all Support blank = any Section stage Tendon ids comma list · from the tendon table (B2b) Equipment template

groups are kept with the layout and rebuilt with the model; the stage table (B2b) activates them

Group	Kind	Members	Nodes	Links

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